A terminal elevator is a licensed elevator used principally to receive grain and condition grain for export.

An inland terminal elevator is an elevator—licensed as a primary elevator —for receiving and conditioning of the grain for direct or indirect export.

Test weight is the weight of a measured volume of grain expressed in kilograms per hectolitre. For procedures, see Chapter 1, Determining test weight.

Hot dry conditions during maturation of wheat can severely reduce kernel size and cause shrunken kernels. As a result

• Test weight is reduced
• Flour yield is reduced
• More small kernels are removed during cleaning

Tombstone kernel is an obsolete term for a fusarium-damaged kernel.

Grain is identified as tough if the moisture content exceeds the straight range established for that class of grain but is not damp.

A transfer elevator normally

• Receives grain that has been officially graded and weighed at a terminal elevator
• Stores that grain before it is loaded to vessels for export

Treated seed

Treated seed is grain that has been coated with an agricultural chemical for agronomic purposes. These include protection of the germinating seed from insects and pathogens, and increasing the availability of nutrients to the seed when planted. Seed treatment dressings may contain one or more insecticides or fungicides, and seed inoculants usually contain either a fungus or bacteria. Both types of seed dressings contain a dye to render the treated seed visually conspicuous. The colour of the dye varies depending upon the type of treatment and the type of grain. The current Canadian colour standards for pesticide seed treatments are: cereals- pink or red, canola – baby blue or green.

Seed treated with an inoculant may have a green stain. The coatings or stains may appear greasy or powdery and surface area distribution ranges from tiny flecks to complete coverage.

Other chemical substances

Other chemical substances refers to any chemical residues either adhering to the kernel or remaining in the sample and to samples having a chemical odour of any kind.

A trier is a hollow cone-shaped device used to obtain samples manually from bagged grain.

An unofficial sample is a sample drawn without the supervision of an authorized employee of the Canadian Grain Commission.

Unprocessed samples of grain are those which have not been cleaned commercially.

See also processed sample.

Unregistered variety is sometimes used for the term non-registered variety.

See registered variety.

The Variety Order List lists the varieties of seeds that have been registered for production in Canada under the authority of the Canada Seeds Act. Section 28 of the Canada Grain Act authorizes the grading of varieties not included under the Order into the lowest grade established by regulation for that kind of grain.

Vomitoxin or deoxynivalenol is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium graminearum.

The Western Certificate (Eastern Division) is an export certificate issued in eastern Canada for corn loaded to a laker. It includes a statement of agreement between the shipper and purchaser indicating further inspection is not required.

1. The shipper originates the request for this type of certification before shipment.
2. The Western Certificate is issued to indicate quality at initial loading.
3. Any subsequent handling that increases breakage and lowers the grade becomes the responsibility of the buyer rather than the seller.

A weed stain is a type of natural stain. A weed stain refers to

• The blotched or stained appearance of kernels caused by contact with the sap from green foliage of such weeds as Russian thistle
• Kernels with adhered foliage of weeds

A weigh-over is the official weighing and inspection of stocks of grain, grain products, or screenings in a licensed elevator, to determine if an overage or shortage of stock exists. Intervals between weigh-overs and limits for overages and shortages are prescribed in the Regulations.

At licensed terminal and transfer elevators, weigh-overs are directed by CGC staff. At licensed primary and process elevators, operators need only to supply the CGC with stock reports.

A sample of grain is identified as wet if the moisture content exceeds the moist range established for that class of grain. With increasing moisture content, grain is graded straight, tough, damp, moist, or wet.

The following wheat classes are produced in Canada and are graded according to specifications detailed in the Guide.

• Canada Western/Eastern Amber Durum (CWAD) (CEAD)
• Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS)
• Canada Western Hard White Spring (CWHWS)
• Canada Western Red Winter (CWRW)
• Canada Prairie Spring Red (CPSR)
• Canada Prairie Spring White (CPSW)
• Canada Western Extra Strong (CWES)
• Canada Western/Eastern Soft White Spring (CWSWS) (CESWS)
• Canada Western General Purpose (CWGP)
• Canada Eastern Hard White Winter (CEHWW)
• Canada Eastern White Winter (CEWW)
• Canada Eastern Red (CER)
• Canada Eastern Red Spring (CERS)
• Canada Eastern Hard Red Winter (CEHRW)
• Canada Eastern Soft Red Winter (CESRW)
• Canada Eastern Hard White Spring (CEHWS)

Other classes of wheat are all classes of wheat including non-registered varieties, other than the predominant class in the sample. Contrasting classes are classes of different coloured wheat; for example CWAD is a contrasting class in CWRS.

Note: CWHWS is considered a WOOC for grading purposes in samples of CWRS.

Wild oats is an annual grassy weed. It reduces crop yield, increases dockage and cleaning costs, lowers the grade, and is costly to control. Seeds of wild oats vary in colour from white to black. They are normally more slender than domestic oats and have a slanting, circular, depressed scar—sometimes called a sucker mouth—at their base, and a bent twisted awn.

The portion of grain an inspector will analyze to determine grade, dockage, protein or moisture. The sample size is dependant on sample requirements.

• Unofficial – minimum – 750 g
• Official – minimum – 900g

The World Wide Web address for the Canadian Grain Commission.